Collective intelligence is a shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making in bacteria[clarification needed], animals, and computer networks. The term appears in sociobiology, political science and in context of mass peer review andcrowdsourcing applications. This broader definition[clarification needed] involvesconsensus, social capital and formalisms such as voting systems, social media and other means of quantifying mass activity. Everything from a political party to a publicwiki can reasonably be described as this loose form of collective intelligence.[original research?]